Essay on Health Related Exercise Programme - 1112 Words

Health Related Exercise Programme The objective of every training lesson is to improve my performance. Each session needs to be well planned to improve my fitness. The sport, which I have decided to improve for health and fitness, is Netball the position that I play is as Goal-defender. Training must include: warm up and warm down, practicing skills and various fitness activities linked to netball. This training is an example of Interval training, as I have to develop my fitness in a short time (5 sessions) by working hard and gaining fitness quickly. The appropriate fitness aspects for netball that I am anticipated to improve are listed as the following: * Aerobic Capacity *†¦show more content†¦footwear. * No Jewellery * No chewing * Use the right equipment and set it out appropriately and safely * Train with the right attitude and with motivation * Make sure that the types and order of activities in my training session are sensible The plan of my training programme shows the way equipment is set out and used. I have identified two potential risks on the plan: * When doing netball chest passes the person in control of the netball may well lose control resulting in an injury to the surrounding people/the person doing the chest passes * The space between the wall and the equipment around the gym is quite small for the runners to run in they may run into somebody doing their training. This may result in somebody being severely injured I will alter the setting out of the circuit to avoid any risks and injuries. A warm-up should be carried out in order to prepare the body for activity. The warm up should include: * A period of gentle exercise using the whole body, for example light jogging. This will gently increase both heart rate and breathing rate * We should then do gentle stretches. Stretching mainly those joints that are most likely to be stressed during the training session.Show MoreRelatedThe Components of Fitness742 Words   |  3 Pagescolumns and include the following information: i) List all ten components of fitness. Mark these as either health-related or skill-related fitness components. 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Information Essay Middle School Websites Free Essays

The Canon McMillan School District Middle School has a very informative website for parents and students. The News Information section contains topics such as: McTeacher Night, School-Home Communication, Smoking Prevention, On Demand Homework Help, and Library/Media Center Website. Contact information for the administration and teachers can be found with pictures of key staff. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Essay Middle School Websites or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are links to the student handbook, cafe, principal corner and calendar. The Teachers Webpages will connect you to your student’s academic team. The News Information section is cumulative; you can find current activities as well as information that were posted in the fall. Each topic provides a brief description with some having a link to more information. The link to the Library/Media Center has book reviews, book club updates, and special reports on library activities. Those that do not have a link provide bullet points or a brief factoid. The links on the left side of the website cover topics from the student handbook to the music department. The calendar has dates underscored that have specific school activities associated with them. The student resource section includes opportunities for students to get more involved in extra activities. The link for staff will provide you with contact information and the subject they teach. The Teachers Webpages sections will take you to your student’s assigned academic team. There are pictures of the facility so you can put a face to the name. When you click on the picture you are taken to information specific to that team. On the right side of the page are links to the textbooks used in each subject. The Canon McMillan Middle School website offers parents and students the opportunity to stay connected with the academic process. In addition to the Middle School specific information there are links to district information such as the school board and employment. The Parents Links connects you to PowerSchool, My Lunch Money and other tools for parents to access financial resources. With the school district going green the website provides the information for a well-rounded middle school experience. How to cite Information Essay Middle School Websites, Essay examples

The History of Telecommunications

Question: Write an essay on History of the telecommunications? Answer: Introduction to telecommunications Telecommunication takes place when information is exchanged between two entities. This exchange of information includes some technology for a smooth transmission of information. Communication technology uses several channels to transmit information in a form of electric signals. Signals are transmitted in the form of electromagnetic waves via physical medium, such as signal cables. There are so many technologies are involved in the present trend of telecommunication technology, those have introduced the wireless medium for communication. Modern technologies are using telephone, networks, microwave transmission, Teleprinter, fiber optics, communication satellites and fiber optics Early period of communication took place with the visual signals over a distance, for example, smoke signals, signal flags, beacons, heliograph and semaphore telegraphs. Even the pre-modern activities of long distance communication were taking place by coded drumbeats, loud whistles and lung-blown horns. Todays telecommunication technology has involved three primary requirements to facilitate the telecommunication in several form, those basic three parameters are Transmitter, that plays an important role by taking the information as input and converting them in the form of signal as an output. A transmission medium is also known as physical channel that is used to carry the signal. A receiver is used as a third component to take the signals as an input and convert them back in usable information. For example the radio broadcasting stations are having large power amplifier as a transmitter. Sometimes, telecommunication systems are performing as a two-way system, i.e. they are in a duplex form where they act as both a receiver or a transceiver and transmitter. Cellular telephone is the best example of transceiver. Telecommunication with a fixed line is known as point-to-point communication due to its communication between one receiver and one transmitter. Telecommunication with radio b roadcast is called broadcast communication between one powerful transmitter and several low-power radio receivers. Telecommunication with multiple transmitters along with multiple receivers and a single channel that is shared by this multiple receiver and transmitter are known as multiplex systems. That in turn becomes able to reduce the cost by sharing one single channel for different user in a single network. 1. Communication channel: Telecommunication occurs when information is exchanged between two entities. This exchange of information includes some technologies to have a smooth exchange of information. Communication technology uses several types of channels to transmit information in a form of electric signals. Signals are transmitted in the form of electromagnetic waves via physical medium, such as signal cables. There are so many technologies are involved in the present trend of telecommunication technology. Modern technologies are using telephone, networks, microwave transmission, Teleprinter, fiber optics, communication satellites and fiber optics. 2. Communication network: A telecommunication network is a set of links, intermediate nodes and terminal nodes those are connected to enable the telecommunication between terminals. Nodes are connected among themselves with the help of the transmission links. To the pass the signal among nodes via transmission links, nodes use circuit switching, packet switching and message switching. Hence the signal can pass away through the correct link to the correct destination. There are various network infrastructures are available, such as, LAN, WAN, MAN. When all the WAN connected to give internet services, it is called WWW. Each of the terminals in the network uses unique address for them so that the message or signal can be routed through the correct path and reach to the correct destination. Telecommunication networks are- The Internet, Computer network, Telephone network, Aeronautical and global Telex network(., 2014). 3. Communication Services: Telecommunication service provides facility of communication by means of emission, transmission, or by receiving signs, signals, images, writing, sounds or information or intelligence via wire, radio or electromagnetic transmission. The service user of telecommunication technology is mainly responsible information content of the message. The service provider of the telecommunication technology is accountable for the receiving, transmitting and making delivery of the messages to the intended receiver. Sender sends the voice message, which is an analog signal that is not possible to carry with the help of communication channel; in this scenario modulator modulates the analog signal into binary signal and on the other hand receiver of this signal also having devices to demodulate the signal into analog signal (human understandable)(Beasley, 2009). As popular communication medium telephony became the most popular way, where PSTN can be defined as a collection of voice-oriented interconne cted public networks. It is also known as POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service). Figure 3: Telecommunication services Brief History of the telecommunications: History of telecommunication took its first part using drum and smoke signals in Africa, in some parts of Asia and in America also. The first fixed semaphore system came into sight in Europe by 1790. However it stays able to make it appearance until the telecommunication system started appearing. Geek hydraulic systems were in use in 4th century BC. The hydraulic semaphore was working with the vessels filled of water and the visual signs; these are utilized as optical telegraphs. During Middle Ages, as a relaying signal, a chain of beacon is used on the hilltops as a means of signals. Drawbacks of the beacon come into consideration when there was no choice except sending one bit information. Using pair of clocks, Claude Chappe, who was a French engineer has invented a method of communication with the help of the clocks hands, those were used to point different symbols. Though, it was not feasible for long distances. After that chapel revisited his model with the use of two sets of jo inted wooden beams. Then he gave his contribution to build his first telegraph line between Paris and Lille.In the year 1794, Abraham Edelcrantz, a Swedish engineer, invented a developed model of Chappes system and there used shutter rather than wooden beams (Bello, 2012). After all this developments, experiments took place on the communication using electricity, though unsuccessful experiments initially started upon this in the year of 1726. Based on a less robust design of electrical telegraphy by Spanish scientist and polymath Francisco Salva Campillo, experiments on electrical telegraphy took place by the German anatomist, physician, and inventor Samuel Thomas Von Sommerring in 1890. Practically an electrical telegraph was proposed by William Fothergill in the year of 1837with an improved six-wire and five needle system. Subsequently, Samuel Morse introduced a more efficient version of electric telegraph in the year of 1837(Chang and Gavish, 1993). The invention of electric telephone took place in the year of 1870, considering harmonic telegraphs as the base of experiment. First commercial telephone services were introduced in the year of 1878 and 1879. Later advancement in technologies introduced voice communication using radio, in the year of 1927. Though there was no cable connection were established until the inauguration of TAT-1 with 36 telephone circuits, in the year of 1956(Chen, 2011). Started with a demonstration of wireless telegraphy by James Lindsay, in the year of 1832, several years of studies and experiments took place to introduce the successful commercial telegraph system based on radio transmission, in the year of 1894. In the year of 1900, human voice is successfully transmitted via wireless communication (Corena and Posada, 2013). With the invention of Video telephony it became possible to add live video to voice telecommunication. The overall concept of video telephony became popular in the year of 1870. As a communication medium U.S. satellite first came into consideration 1958, with project SCORE that was worlds first satellite and it was using a tape recorder in order to store and forward voice messages. In the year of 1960 Echo Satellite was launched by NASA. Telstar was the first direct and active communication satellite and launched in the year of 1962. Satellite these days are using so many application such as television, GPS, telephone and internet uses(De Marco, 2012). The configuration of mainframe with the remote dumb terminals and centralized computer configuration remained admired in 1950s. Tough its journey to be most popular was until the researchers have introduced the concept of packet switching in 1960. In packet switching the data were used to send in chunks to several computers. APPERNETS development focused on RFC (request for comment). In this process APPERNET merge with the several network in order to form Internet (Devillier, 1972). Principle development of Telecommunication: PSTN: With the collective use of these technologies in present decade, it became possible to introduce the concept of public switched telephone network that has aggregated the circuit switched telephone networks. These are operated by the local, regional and public telecommunication. There are several components, such as fiber optic cable, telephone lines, cellular networks, communication satellites, under sea telephone cables and microwave transmission is used by the PSTN. All these components are interconnected via switching centers. The technical operation of the PSTN always remains to a predefined standard imposed by ITU-T. The standards are E-164 and E-163. These standards provide a single global address space for telephone numbers (Digital Forensics Processing and Procedures, 2014). PSTN is the collection of the interconnected voice oriented public telephone networks. DSL: DSL or the Digital Subscriber Line is technology with a high bandwidth for small businesses and homes using a simple copper telephone line. There are several types of DSL, such as- HDSL, RADSL and ADSL (Dudin et al., 2013). A DSL is a collection of technologies that are used to provide the internet services by the transmission of the digital data using telephone lines(Ye et al., 2014). Using the same telephone line a DSL service send data simultaneously due to its high frequency bands of sending data. In the context of customer, DSL connection is used for the simultaneous transmission of DSL services and voice. General bit rate of that is given to consumer ranges from 256 k bits to 100 M bits as a downstream rate(Domingo, 2011). ADSL: ADSL is a type of DSL technology, ADSL makes the data transfer much faster with the use of copper telephone lines instead of a conventional Voiceband Modem. This technology makes data transfer faster due to the use of those unused frequencies in the telephone line for phone calls. A filter associate with the ADSL allows use of both the telephony and ADSL service at the same time. ADSL service can be circulated over small distances from the telephone exchange that is less than 4 KM (Dulek, 2014). Figure6: Asynchronous digital subscriber line ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network): ISDN or the Integrated Services Digital Network provides high speed internet service. During 1990s ISDN sparkled the speedy internet development between the service providers. Like its ancestor (Dial-up internet service) ISDN make utilization of phone lines. Incorporation of ISDN can be considered as the evolution between the dial-up and DSL. ISDN network service basically operates using dedicated line or circuit switched network. Hence ISDN line become more popular for high speed internet access at home and it is also the point the broad band service giving companies are competing(Dyrud, 2011). VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol): VoIP or the Voice over IP is group of technologies to deliver multimedia session and voice communication using Internet Protocol networks. There are so many terms associated with VoIP are Internet Telephony, IP telephony, Broadband phone service and Broadband Telephony. A vast development has been associated in the year of 2004, when VoIP services started utilizing existing broadband internet access. In this case subscribers started placing and receiving the telephone calls in the same way they were using PSTN (Einspruch, 2013). ATM: ATM or the Asynchronous Transfer Mode is a switching technology which is used in dedicated connection to organize digital data into chunks of 53 byte cell unit and transmitting them over a channel (physical medium) using digital signal technology(Friess, 2010). Telecommunication technologies Analogue and digital communication Four key reasons why modern telecommunications services are based on digital technology: In This modern era efficient telecommunication services are based on digital technology due to its some fruitful objectives, such as- Digital signals are less protected to physical factors and noise. Those can cause by the interference and data loss. But, we will consider the analog signals; those are badly affected by the external interference in the transmission medium and signal attenuation or noise. Digital signals allow a uniform technique to encode the data, video, voice those flow via the transmission channel. Analog signals are not capable to be encoded using the same format as the digital signals. As it is transmitted in the form they have generated. Digital communication is capable to achieve higher capacity than the analog communication. Encoding an analog signal to digital allows minimizing the amount of information. Better securities can be achieved using many encryption techniques that is impossible in the context of analog communication. several encryption techniques are available there to encrypt the transmitted data. Category of Multiplexing: Technology of multiplexing: Multiplexing is nothing but a concept of sending signal or digital data streams from multiple sources that are aggregated and sent over a single line by sharing the capacity of the line and later splitting the signals as per the intended recipient. There are two kinds of multiplexing, digital multiplexing and analogue multiplexing. Multiplexing: multiplexer aggregate the signals and send via a single channel, whereas, Demultiplexer splits the stream of information or the signal as per the intended recipient. In this technique the aim is to share the expensive resources. For example different calls are carried out by the telephone lines using a single wire (IEEE Transactions on Networking publication information, 2004). Multiplexing technique is divided into two categories using digital technology and analog technology. Multiplexing techniques using analog technology are FDM (Frequency division multiplexing) and WDM (wavelength division multiplexing). Multiplexing technique using digital technology is TDM (Time division multiplexing)(Laborie, 2011). Analog multiplexing: In analogue multiplexing, a medium is shared by the changes in the wavelength and frequency of various signals. Frequency division multiplexing: It is an analog technology. FDM technique is achieved by combining several signals and sending them sharing one single channel and splitting into different frequency ranges(Wuyts et al., 2010). FDMs most common application is television and radio broadcasting from satellite stations, mobile or terrestrial location using cable television or the natural earth atmosphere. Only a single cable is reachable to the users area but the service provider provides multiple signals simultaneously without interference. To receive appropriate signals users must be tuned with particular channel (frequency)(Lalanne and Maag, 2013). Wavelength division multiplexing: Wavelength division multiplexing or WDM is used in fiber optic communications. This technology multiplexes a number of optical carrier Signals over a single optical fiber using several wavelengths. This technique allows bidirectional communication with multiplication of capacity using one stand of fiber. A WDM multiplexing techniques uses a multiplexer as a transmitter and demultiplexer at the receiver to split the signals for the intended destination (Li and Wang, 2015). Digital Multiplexing: Time division multiplexing: Time division multiplexing is a way of transmitting and receiving signals independently over a single common channel by means of synchronized switches at the end of the each transmission line. Hence, each of the signals come only one fraction of time with an alternative pattern. Use of Time Division multiplexing takes place basically for the digital signals, but here comes the similar scenario when several analog signals are transmitted and received sharing a single channel. The contrast between digital technology and analog technology lies when digital signals are physically taking turn to flow over one communication channel and taking equal and fixed time slots for the sub channels. Sub channels are mainly created before applying synchronization (Liu, Jiang and Zhang, 2014). Networks that facilitate modern telecommunication technology (digital carrier systems, backbone transmission networks, optical networks): ii) a) Digital carrier system: In telecommunication system, numbers of individual channels are multiplexed onto a multichannel telecommunication system in order get an effective transmission. Transmissions take place between nodes of a network. Circuits are multiplexed or demultiplexed accordingly. Backbone transmission network: Backbone transmission network or backbone network is a part of computer network that allows several network infrastructures to interconnect. This network infrastructure provides path to exchange information among several sub networks or LANs. Large Corporation that has many locations with different network can have a backbone transmission network, for example, in an organization several server clusters are there accessed by different departments those can be stored at different location. Optical networks: Optical networks are telecommunication network with a high capacity. Optical networks are based on optical component and technologies that provide grooming, restoration, routing at the wavelength level as well as wavelength-based services. b) Discuss and evaluate these networks as they apply to modern telecommunications: Digital carrier systems: Digital carrier system helps in digital signaling to signify telecommunication service. Telephone companies use to multiplex long distance calls over high-speed trunks. In telecommunication original signal can be in analog form that needs to convert into binary format suitable for the transmission channel or the original signal can be in binary form from the beginning. To transmit the binary signals over a single channel the competence of a single channel is divided into several sub channels (Wolfe, 2015). Hence, fraction of fixed and equal time length can be allocated for each of the repeating pattern for each signal. This technique is known as time division multiplexing, as it has discussed earlier. Binary signals, consists of pulses that can represent only 0 or 1. Backbone networks: The backbone transmission network tied the entire department server together. As per the architecture there are four classifications on backbone transmission network. They are distributed backbone transmission network, collapsed backbone transmission network, parallel backbone transmission network and serial backbone transmission network (Wan, Diouris and Andrieux, 2010). Distributed backbone transmission network is consists of numbers of connectivity devices, that are connected to a numbers of central connectivity devices like switch, router or hub. In Collapsed backbone transmission architecture each of the hub allows a link back to the central location to be connected to a box that can be switch or router, known as backbone-in-a-box. That architecture related to a collapsed backbone is a rooted tree or star architecture. Parallel backbone architecture is a distinction of collapsed backbone network where it uses central node as a connection point. Differences reflect when the paral lel backbone allows duplicate connections with the presence of more than one switch or router. With the availability of more than one cable devices, they are connected to have an enterprise wide network. Serial backbone transmission network consist of two or several inter networking devices, those are connected to each other with the help of single chain. In this scenario hub, router or the switches are connected in this fashion in order to extend the network (Moussavi, 2012). Optical networks: As a most promising technology of Optical networks is the SOA (Semiconductor optical amplifier). With the integration of amplifier functionality into semiconductor material, the basic component can perform several applications. Integrated functionality of SOA provides integrated functionality of routing and internal switching functions, required for a feature-rich network. c) Key wireless technologies in order to meet the customer requirement: The term wireless comes into the picture when the communication takes place over a distance without the requirement of cable, wire or any other electrical conductor. As an important medium, wireless communication allows flow of data form source to destination. After setting the communication, information is transmitted over the air without the use of cables. Wireless communication involves electromagnetic waves like satellite, radio frequencies, infrared etc. to transfer the data. With the growing trend of wireless communication technology, havoc use of several communication devices allows user to communicate irrespective of their place. Devices used in telecommunication technologies are cordless telephones, GPS units, mobiles, satellite television, and wireless parts of computers (Murthy, 2010). Satellite communication: Satellite communication is one of the popular wireless technologies. Using this technology anyone in this the world can communicate with others remotely. The satellites, those are in use for the communication are directly communicating with the orbiting satellites over radio signals. Modems and portable satellite phones are having most powerful broadcasting abilities as they have high range more than cellular devices (Optical Switching and Networking, 2013). GPS: Global Positioning System or the GPS is a satellite navigation system in order to provide information on location, weather condition and time anywhere near or on the earth with the line of sites to four or more GPS satellites. Concept of GPS system is based on time. Satellites carry stable synchronized clocks that are synchronized with the ground clock and with each other. On the other hand satellite locations are monitored preciously. Despite of having clocks, GPS receivers are not synchronized with the original time and are unstable to some extent. GPS satellites are involved in continuous transmission of their current position and time.A GPS receiver monitors several satellites and involved in solving equation for the determination of exact location of the receiver and its variation form actual time. The structure of composed of space segment, user segment and control segment (Virmani, 2014). The GPS satellites do broadcasting of signal form space and each of the GPS receivers is involved to calculate time and three dimensional location of its own, such as altitude, longitude and latitude. In todays world GPS have so many uses. GPS is great way to find and keeping track of the every certain thing we want. A government and private organizations have a decision making phase, where they need Global Positioning system in order to gather data and to take an effective decision. Data collection system allows decision maker to have appropriate positional data about a product along with descriptive information. It became possible to analyze many environmental problems based on the position data collected with the help of GPS. With the use of GIS software the collected data from the GPS can be imported into it. Hence information can be analyzed without complicating a particular situation. In telecommunication mobile phones are connected with the wider telephone network via base stations. In computer the transceivers act as router to connect different LAN or/and the In ternet (Prasad, 2011). WIMAX: There are several wireless broadband technologies are there those offer fast web surfing with the wired connection of data through DSL or cable. Here the example of WiMAX comes. Despite of the ability to provide high data rates up to 30 megabits, WiMAX provider generally provide average data rate form the 0 to 6 megabits per second. The actual data cost by WiMAX may vary with respect to the distance from the transmitter. WiMAX is similar to the version of wireless 4G (Primak and Kontorovich, 2012). Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi is a well-known form of transmitting low power wireless communication. Now a day electronic devices are involved in havoc use of Wi-Fi. To set up a Wi-Fi, a wireless router is responsible to act as communication hub. These kinds of networks are limited in a range due to low power emission for data transmission (Veltsos, 2012). User with close proximity to a signal repeater or the router can able to accesses the internet. As a common home networking applications, Wi-Fi allows portability without the requirement of cables. For the prevention of unauthorized access there are two types of wireless securities are imposed in order to secure the wireless communication. Those are WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) and WPA (Wi-Fi protected access). WEP is a standard of IEEE 802.11 since 1999, which was outdated by the WAP in the year of 2003. The current security standard is WAP2 that encrypts the network using 256 bit key. WAP2 is an improved version of WAP that allows longer key length improving security over WEP(Rashed, 2013). Bluetooth technology: Bluetooth technology enables several electronic devices to be connected with each other wirelessly. This technology helps to share data. Wireless keyboard, mike and mouse are connected to laptop; in order to transmit information form one device as input to another device that receives the data as output(Tiarawut, 2013). Bluetooth technology makes use of radio waves to have communication between several devices. According to the official website of Bluetooth, maximum range of 50 feet is used by the Bluetooth due to its low-power signal. The pairing process among two devices makes it easy to identify the connected and paired devices. Hence it became possible to prevent inference from the other non paired devices(Reinsch and Gardner, 2013). INFRARADE technology: Infrared wireless is the well known use of the wireless technology in devices that convey data through IR radiation. It is a wireless mobile technology that is used for communication among devices over the short range. IR communications have major limitations due to its requirement of line-of-sight with short transmission range and not able to go through walls. Transceivers used for IR are cheapin terms of cost and allows a short-range communication solutions. Device, those are enabled for IR are known as IrDA devices. These devices maintain the standardsimposed by the Infrared Data Association or IrDA. To pass the IR signals through lens and focus into beam of Infrared Data, Infrared lighting emitting diodes are used. For the purpose of data encoding, the beam source is switched off and on in a random manner for data encoding. The IrDA receivers and transmitters are categorized into non-directed and directed(Reinsch and Gardner, 2013). ii) Impact of Mobile voice: In todays world mobile telephony has changed the way to have communication from the life of ordinary people to business organization. With the improved social inclusion, communication, productivity and economic activity in the sectors of health, agriculture, finance and education, there is a great impact of mobile communication. With the advancement in the technology, 3G and 4G services are accessed via the smart phones, dongles and tablet. All this advancement put a great impact upon the organizational activity between the business and consumer. With the other advancement in telecommunication technology there is a new emerging technology that takes advantage by combining the two fields for the further improved. These two fields are mobile and speech recognition. Combination of these two technologies enables users to talk to their mobile devices and the device is able to understand the oral commands and then accomplish the task (Reis Pinheiro, 2011). With the increased use of mobile, the convergence of mobile and speech recognition was expected. The idea of speech recognition comes into picture when mobile devices are not suitable due to its small screen size limitations. Small screen limitation of mobile phones can raise problem, when a user attempts to put data on their mobile device. As an alternative, mobile devices can have voice-enabling applications installed by the company of that particular device. Such as Google talk application in smart phones now a day (Reversing the Trend, 2010). Data communication on todays business environment: Business organizations need to be aware about the two dimension of computer communication software: The application software that will be in use for the terminals and the interconnection between the several terminals (Salmon, 2012). Digital advertisement and market venturing: In this modern era no business organization can compete without the use of the web service and internet. The web provides the means to communicate with the customers, supplier with the incorporation of ecommerce. Time and cost reduction: In a business organization the focus is on the TCP/IP protocol suit mainly that is now in use universally. TCP/IP protocol suit is used across multiple vendor equipment. It is the base of operating using Internet. With the growing application of internet the distributed application of internet is in use in order to access the business data from the virtual platform remotely. Even a new approach is introduced recently with the implication of Intranet. An Intranet provides same sort of application and interfaces as found using internet (Smaini, 2012). Even advancement in technologies for e-marketing, such as text messages to market a product or use of mining tools on the websites to market similar product with respect to a purchased product. These scenarios reduce the overall cost and time to grow the overall business. Growth of communication industry: The development of communication technologies has allowed so many new business strategies across the globe. All of these business organizations are providing video and voice service. There are rise of Internet service provider, who give service to the internet user, such as broad band connection, VPN services and so on. Raise of BPOs or Business Process Outsourcing: Using todays trend of communication technology, it become possible for the organizations to be interconnected even they are also using distributed networks to virtually access the organizations data. Organizations can outsource the skills and required expertise from other organization or country. Present your research of the following in tabular form: Identify the key industries within the telecommunications sector. Give one example of an organization within each of these industries Evaluate the business strategy of each of the examples Company Services Strategy BT BT sells whole sale products, services to the communication providers in UK and around the globe. BT supplies its products and managed networked services to the multinational organizations, local, national and domestic business organizations. Networked IT Phone for business and home Broadband Services A standard customer service. Mobile security over voice service. International, National and local communication. To have growth, BT has adopted some strategies like- it is coming up as a leader for service by providing changes in their business process and interacting more with their customers. Even BT is introducing growth in the key areas by the integration of the services, enhancing portfolio, and providing cloud based service to link the data on the cross-sell. BT is managing profitability taking cost transformation project effectively in an automated way. Obtaining more resources for finance. Expanding their business. O2: O2 provides mobile solutions, m2m connectivity, unified communication and security measures. It also provides the security solutions, in order to secure the mobility, to secure the infrastructure, to provide cyber security, to allow governance, risk and compliance. Such as, managing account viewing data usage, seeing bill, 02 app (free to download), 02 community, 02 webmail, Mobile broad band, mobile phones, accessibility to check upgraded data. The newly included strategy of O2 is- the institution of an O2 sales academy to train the salespeople of O2 for the better understanding of client needs. A sift to a more consultative approach to sales being focused on IT. Reorganization of partnership as a key factor to bring the best in business Customer affordable tariffs. Availability of offers for international calls. Think big for planet Think big for people Think big for customer Best deals on networking devices. EE: Give services as an internet service provider and mobile network operator. An effective customer service is also available, known as EE help Better network coverage. EE community Add-on and benefits Account and billing EE TV service EE 4G offers As a most advanced digital communication company in UK, EE has launched new strategy to gain more urban customers by introducing a range of services. EE has introduced the Mobile Voice Recording, first network-integrated service in the UK to fully abide by FCA mobile trading regulations for the high security mobility management. EE has introduced high speed 4G form EE supplements with the download speed of 60 Mbps. Support communities and individuals. Building trust with internal and external customer. Responsibility approach. ORANGE: As a telecommunication solution provider, ORANGE provides mobile telephony service under CDMA and GSM platform, internet service and telephone services. Brilliant customer service. Big data and analytics. Numeric futures. Mobile phones. Magazine. ORANGE is developing its broadband service and internet access. Even they are involved in launching innovative products for new VA services. ORANGE is focusing on the implementation of environment friendly solutions. Enabling employees to retain customer. Attracting new stakeholder and customer with new infrastructure. Projection on future growth. Global image. Excellent business growth. VODAFONE: Services of Vodafone include data and voice over wireless communication, in order to help the business organization to facilitate the power of communication. Contact us page for better customer service. Better Network Coverage Online Bill checking Pay as you go. Mobile phones iphone tablet With the expansion of their global presence with the help of the dual branding strategy. In this strategy Vodafone make its involvement with 30 other companies across the globe. Even Vodafone is focused on customer retention with the innovation in technologies and services. Excellent value added service. Latest devices with new features. Free bill analyzer Developing strategies to grow the 4G service. Sales inquiry Conclusion: Todays telecommunication technology the has involved three primary requirements to facilitate the telecommunication in several form, those basic three parameters are Transmitter, that plays an important role by taking the information as input and converting them in the form of signal as an output. A transmission medium is also known as physical channel that is used to carry the signal. A receiver is used as a third component to take the signals as an input and convert them back in usable information. With respect to the advancement in the telecommunication technology business organizations need to be aware about the two dimension of computer communication software: The application software that will be in use for the terminals and the interconnection between the several terminals. References R. (2014). Wired data transfer using smartphone technology. Ijret, 03(19), pp.211-213. Beasley, J. 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Susan Bennis and Warren Edwards Essay Example

Susan Bennis and Warren Edwards Essay For my critical review I am going to look at shoe designers Susan Bennis and Warren Edwards, and especially at their, 1989 glass beaded evening slipper. Most of their treasured piece where created in the 1980s and with typical 80s styles and designs; Susan Bennis and Warren Edwards create elegant shoes and boots. Below is a picture of one of the many great Pop art shoe. Silk faiile pumps with fuchsia toes and turquoise heels with chartreuse ankles and orange outlines. Black and white checkerboard triangles expose the instep of your foot and they are lined in tangerine satin. I like this shoe because it is the sort of piece of clothing that really stands out, there is a very varied pallet of colours, with attracts the eye, but personally I dont really believe that these shoes are very practical, in a sense of fashion. I think that you would find that there is a limited number of clothes you could wear with these shoes, although some would argue that this is what fashion is about. Wearing a piece of clothing once, just to get noticed, but nothing to drastic. These shoes seem to be the shoes that you would look at from a distance, rather than up close. When I look at these shoes, I dont see story or meaning behind them, but I do believe that they reflect the social background, and fashion of the 80s loud and outrageous, the colours clash. These shoes are defiantly made for the eighties. We will write a custom essay sample on Susan Bennis and Warren Edwards specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Susan Bennis and Warren Edwards specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Susan Bennis and Warren Edwards specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Now I am going to look more at another shoe, the glass beaded evening slipper. This is a very elegant shoe, for a posh occasion. The slippers have been beaded with 1 large glass bead, and 6 slightly smaller glass beads. There is also a variety of other beads and sequins which leaves the shoe looking silver all over, it is a limited colour pallet, but this has been done to create a more expensive look. This can often persuade the buyer to buy these shoes rather than a silver pair of slippers that contrast with another colour, as this can often look cheaper. Also the beads create a shiny surface and this attracts the eye. The designers have used these techniques to make sure that people are attracted to the shoes and notice them. Looking at the shoe, it makes me feel happy and better about my self. If I where to be wearing these shoes I would feel unique as though the shoes where made just for me, and I would feel like I was wear something of high quality. I think that the use of beads and silver (a precious metal) creates those feelings. I also feel like I would want to touch it, to see if the beads feel smooth or hard, and whether they where cold or warm, even though it is not a material I think that the shoe on a whole is very tactile. These are the shoes which loo good either from a distance or up close, the catch someones eye from a distance and they become attracted to the shoes, the fine detailed work can then be admired from up close. On the shoe there is a symmetrical pattern. Both sides match, going along the shoe, and this create an even, well balanced looking shoe. It is a practical shoe, as it can be worn and the heel on the shoe is not that high, therefore it is suitable for more people to wear, but there is no back to the shoe. This is obviously a choice of personal taste whether one feels comfortable in a shoe like that. Unlike other shoes I have looked at in my studies, these shoes do not make me think, I do not see any story or images within the piece, but if the designers had wanted to included such a thing it must be hidden or abstract. I feel influenced by the designers work, I want to include the use of beading in my work, I hope that this will create an image of quality and attract the eye. I personally would prefer to have more of varied range of colours, and I want to use something bright and an eye-catching style that will intrigue people. I think the idea of having a theme to my work is a good idea, even if there was a story within the shoe, I think that way it becomes more imaginative and people are more likely to e drawn towards it.

The Development Of Gender Identity Essays

The Development Of Gender Identity Essays The Development Of Gender Identity Paper The Development Of Gender Identity Paper The development of gender identity is a notion explored greatly through the social sciences, with emphasis being placed on anthropology, philosophy, psychology and sociology. This essay is going to discuss the development of gender identity through psychological works, with reference to the nature/nurture debate. In order to do this, the essay will be broken down into specific sections. Initially, the themes outlined in the title will be individually explored to offer their definitions. Secondly, the essay will move on to look at the varying schools of thought within psychology surrounding gender identity development, where the essay will cite some key thinkers and their theories. Thirdly, the essay will move on to combine the notion of gender identity development with the nature/nurture debate to discuss and express any correlations between them. The essay shall then be wrapped up by way of a summary of the undertaken works, as a way of creating a conclusion. The essay shall now explore the themes within the title, to offer definitions. Gender, in its common usage is the term used to denote the distinction males and females in accordance with anatomical sex. The term is often used interchangeably with the term sex when discussing anatomical differences, however, depending on the approach taking, the definition of gender changes. For example, sociologically, gender refers to the socialised attributes of being masculine, feminine or androgynous, which is in keeping with the notion of ones own gender identity. Gender identity, is considered to be subjectively experienced, rather than being physically acted out. The nature/nurture debate is the endeavour to discover the extent to which human behaviour is the result of hereditary or innate factors (nature) or are they determined by environmental and learning factors (nurture). Historically, each side of the debate has had its support, however, it is difficult to assess the contributions of each as both interact throughout human development. The essay shall now tackle the psychological theories surrounding gender identity development. Psychodynamic theory is a label given to all psychological systems, and theories, which place emphasis upon the processes of change and development. Stemming from the works of Sigmund Freud, psychodynamic theory takes in to account both nature and nurture in the development gender identities. The nature side of the debate is represented through the innate sexual drives possessed by all human beings that motivate much of human behaviour. However, these sexual drives do not outwardly influence gender identity development. Instead the nurturing element arises through the phallic stage of Freudian psychosexual development. In this stage the Childs resolution of the Oedipus complex in boys and the Electra complex in girls identifies the beginning of appropriate gendered behaviours. The Oedipus complex is a label that describes the attraction between a male child and his mother. The Electra complex labeled the attraction between a female child and her father. The essence of these discoveries was the sexual attraction to the opposite sex and the hostility toward the same sex. The premise is that the child will take on board the patterns of behaviour, appropriate to and reinforce masculine and feminine behaviours to the child. Social learning theory is a psychological approach to the study of social behaviours. The premise of this theory is that of role observation, and the mimicking of behaviours, known as operant conditioning and vicarious learning, respectively. Applied to gender development by Bandura and Mischel; Social learning theory stresses many important factors in the development of gender identity; these include reinforcement, observational learning, modelling and imitation. Social learning theory incorporates both notions of primary and secondary socialisation, including parents, peers and the mass media as important for gender identity development. Cognitive development theories stem from the works of Jean Piaget. Piaget was one of the first psychologists to look at the way in which children think and reason. Despite moves in the 1960s and 70s to revaluate his theories, many of his basic principles and assumptions have been empirically supported to be correct. Piagets works identified that children look only at a superficial level, focusing on surface appearances rather than looking for more depth. Piagets works were greatly extended by Kohlberg to explain the development of gender concepts Kohlberg argued that an important factor in a childs development of gender concepts is the acceptance that it is fixed and unchanging regardless of surface appearances. Kohlberg advocates that a child must develop through three stages to understand gender initially children do not use gender in any way, to categorise themselves or others. The first stage (1) occurs at the age of two years, at this point a child can consistently an accurately label themselves and others as male or female, however, this categorisation is based on physical appearances and symbols such as clothing and facial hair. Stage 1 is regarded as gender identity. Stage 2 begins at the age of 3 4 years, a child now understands that that if someone is male or female then there were previously male or female and will continue to be male or female, therefore the child realises that gender is stable across time. Stage 2 is regarded as gender stability. Despite the childs appreciation of gender stability, they still place emphasis on symbols as masculine or feminine for example toys, if a boy is playing with a doll, a toy recognised as female then the child is unable to determine whether the child is male or female, the resolution of this comes into effect in stage 3. Occurring at the ages of around 5 years, the child realises that gender is constant and consistent across both time and situations, the child now realises that gender is an underlying and unchanging aspect of identity. Stage 3 is known gender constancy. As well as theories arising from Psychodynamic psychology, social learning theory and cognitive theories, there are also notions for the biological perspective and humanistic theory. The theoretical approaches above support differing approaches in relation to the nature/nurture debate. The essay will now explore these to express their standpoints and cite any correlation. In brief, these theories assume different positions within the nature/nurture debate as follows. Psychodynamic theory stands very much in the middle, accepting the importance of both innate and environmental factors in the development of gender identities, Freud famously quoted anatomy is destiny, yet speaks extensively of the importance of relationships with the same-sex parent. Social Learning Theory is in keeping with the nurture side of the debate, promoting the importance of all environmental factors, through reinforcement and modelling of acceptable gender appropriate behaviours. Outlining the importance of socialisation in the home (primary) and secondary through peers and the mass media. Cognitive Development Theories are in keeping with the nature side of the debate, where, in Kohlbergs view, gender development occurs through the resolution of three stages where at the end of stage three the child is able to determine that gender is an underlying and unchanging aspect of identity. In conclusion, this essay has discussed the development of gender identities. To summarise the works undertaken, initially definitions were offered of the themes in the essay title, which then moved on to discuss the psychological works of Psychodynamics, Social Learning Theory and Cognitive Development Theories, writing in relation to the nature/nurture debate. Despite there being many more theories of gender identity development, certain aspects were omitted in order to reflect on different positions in the nature/nurture debate. As well as issues such as sexual orientation and androgyny were also over looked. Despite strong arguments arising from each theory, it is difficult to accurately and empirically deduce the exact role of nature or nurture in the development of gender identities as both are constantly interacting throughout ones own life, and at a time of radical social changes (from the writing of these theories), with immense family diversity including single parent and same sex families.

And Then There Were None

And Then There Were None Agatha Christie was born on September 15th, 1890 in Torquay, England. Her name at birth was Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller, and her parents were Clarissa Boehmer of Belfast, Ireland and Frederick Miller, an American. Agatha was the youngest of three children, and grew up very alone because of the age gap of over ten years between her siblings. Her father passed away when she was only eleven years old, leaving her to grow up with her mother’s care. In 1906 Agatha traveled to Paris where she studied singing and piano (Www.sfu.ca). She didn’t discover her talent for writing until she was older. Years later on Christmas Eve (Www.sfu.ca) 1914, the Miller girl became Agatha Christie after marrying war Captain Archibald Christie. The two became parents in 1919 when they had their daughter, Rosalind. Before then, throughout 1914 to 1918, Agatha worked as a hospital and dispensary nurse during World War I. That was where she developed her vast knowledge involving poisons, drugs an d medicines (Www.sfu.ca). In 1920, Christie published her first book, â€Å"The Mysterious Affair at Styles†, in America. The book introduced her most famous character, Hercule Poirot, who would later appear in more than forty more books (Winks 12). After the book was published, Agatha wrote five more mysteries (Www.nd.edu) before publishing the novel that began her huge success; â€Å"The Murder of Rodger Ackroyd† (Winks 2). Seven months after the book was published, Agatha disappeared. Suspects claimed that she was murdered, and others believed her missing case was an act for publicity while the nation searched for her (Winks 3). Her whereabouts were discovered ten days after her disappearance when some people found out that she had registered in a local hotel under the name of the women with whom she had found out her husband was cheating with (Winks 3). In 1928, Agatha and Archibald divorced, which opened up a new door for Agatha’s characters when she develo ped the now famous Miss Marple. Two years later, after a couple more successful books had been published, she met Max Mallowan in Baghdad. Agatha and the archaeologist were soon married and Christie began to approach her highest point as an author. In 1930, Agatha Christie began writing and publishing romance novels under the pen name of Mary Westmacott. Robin Winks said, â€Å"These noncrime novels are not taken seriously today†. Christie was thought to put into play her feelings toward her ex-husband throughout the Westmacott novels (Winks 18). After years of fame, Agatha was awarded a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1956. She also became President of the Detection Club in 1957 and was awarded an honorary doctorate from Exeter University in 1961. Perhaps her most elite recognition was when she was named a Dame of the British Empire by the Queen of England in 1971. Her nickname was in fact the â€Å"Queen of Crime†. On January 12th, 1976, Agatha Christ ie passed away from old age. The author was only exceeded by Shakespeare and the Bible. Her 1940’s novel â€Å"Sleeping Murder: Miss Marple’s Last Case† was published after her death.

Emerging Trends Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Emerging Trends Case Study - Essay Example Technical courses require creative thinking in science subjects which is the main obstacle to success to most students. Fear for science subjects has highly contributed to this problem to many candidates. Constant rise of trade schools all over America for students who are not good enough to join colleges for further studies has contributed a lot for shortage in vehicle assembly industries. The rise of trade school makes most of the students not to have vision of being a technician in future. They therefore, end their dreams in businesses (Prosser, 2009). However, most of the technicians industries are managed by aged people creating no room for the young people. The need of strong learning background in to qualify to be an automotive technician has created fear to students. Increase in wages to the workers working in industries may solve this crisis but to some extent. (U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Oak Ridge Associated Universities.,& Southern Interstate Nuclear Board. 2014)Due to increase wage, majority of students will have an aim of meeting the demands of qualifying to be a technician due to better pay due to demand for money to most youths. However, most of the students have developed fear of doing science subjects completely. In summary, there is a need for the government to ensure that every institution is entitled to offer a compulsory science subjects to students to foster the level of awareness to science related courses. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission., Oak Ridge Associated Universities., & Southern Interstate Nuclear Board. (2014).  Nuclear related technician demand and supply: Southern Interstate Nuclear Board Region, 2013. Washington?: publisher not

Bulding a Second Runway at Gatwick Airport Assignment

Bulding a Second Runway at Gatwick Airport - Assignment Example Considering an increase in average aircraft size, the Airport Management predicts that approximately 40million passengers will be handled by the year 2015 86% of whom would start or end their journeys at Gatwick. Such an action will be associated with a number of benefits and costs. The benefits include creation of jobs. According to the Gatwick Airport Management, workers at the airport will benefit from an extra income of 7million a week. In addition, it is anticipated that 27,300 jobs will be created at Gatwick in 2015. The noise from Aircrafts as well as the emission of Nitrogen oxide is a cause for concern. In addition, the operation of the airport itself has a range of environmental impacts over and above those of the aircraft that use it. A second runway at Gatwick is therefore characterised by a number of costs and benefits. According to Friends of the Earth (2003) government's intention to build more airports, terminals and runways, is likely to have a disastrous effect on the world's climate. One of the main causes of climate change is Carbon dioxide pollution and aviation is one of the fastest growing sources. (Friends of the Earth, 2003). ... 1.1.2 Objectives and Hypothesis of Work Considering that a second runway has both opportunities and threats and well as costs and benefits, the objectives and hypothesis of this paper are defined within the following. The main objective of this paper will be to evaluate and analysed the problems being faced by the Gatwick Airport by operating on a single runway. In addition, the paper will analyse and find out whether a second runway at Gatwick is worth the trouble. The paper finally looks into the consequences should the government fails to construct a second runway 2.0 Summary of Literature According to Friends of the Earth (2003) government's intention to build more airports, terminals and runways, is likely to have a disastrous effect on the world's climate. One of the main causes of climate change is Carbon dioxide pollution and aviation is one of the fastest growing sources. (Friends of the Earth, 2003). According to another report by Friends of the Earth titled "Aviation and Global Climate Change", Air travel emissions are already responsible for 3.5 per cent of man-made climate change and if the industry continues to grow at its current rate it will go up to 15 per cent by 2050. (http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/reports/aviation_climate_change.pdf). In June 2003 the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (RCEP) wrote to the Government and noted that "even with the most conservative figures for growth in air travel, by 2020 aviation will be contributing 10 per cent of the UK's carbon dioxide emissions. (Friends of the Earth, 2003). In another research conducted by Friends of the Earth (FOE), it was postulated that, research, based on the Government's own data, shows how the present

Stonegate pub company performance Essay Example for Free

Stonegate pub company performance Essay The Stonegate pub company is privately owned which concentrates in pubs and bars in the UK. It was started in the year 2010 and currently have more than 620 bars and pubs all over in the country. In the same year the company acquired over 330 managed pubs from M and B. This gave the company operational power to run. The company takes great care of all its target customers as it has various joints as in: student bars, traditional pubs, night clubs and all kinds of pubs. This makes the company attract all kinds of customers depending on their needs. In 2011, the company joined with the Town and pub company forming a large pub operator which would become the largest in the country. This in return led to the company acquiring lettuce brands, Yate’s and slug. Stonegate company also involves itself in selling of drinks and food that is seasonal favorites. Being one of the largest companies in the country, Stonegate company keeps books of accounts which can be evaluated. The company’s return on capital in the year 2012 is far much higher than that of 2011. This in return has increased the shareholders amount in the year. Since the return on capital in 2012 is greater than in 2011, the company indicated growth. The Gross profit of the company increases from 8.7% to 12.3% due to the increase of sales from 264,671 to 484623. The gross profit of the company indicates that the company is in the right direction towards its development. Net profit margin of any company will show how much it earns after tax deductions per dollar. When it is high, the firm comfortably controls its costs and favorably competes (BAKER, 2005, 62). In 2011 it had 0.41% compared to 4.5% in 2012 and could therefore earn more in 2012 after the tax had been deducted per dollar. The company, hence records higher amount of sale as time goes by. Gearing measures the financial leverage of a company and compares the ration between financial aid by lenders and shareholders. In 2011 it was 47.9% as compared to 159% indicating the country borrowed more than in the previous year. Interest cover shows the ability of a company to repay interest on an outstanding debt. In 2012 the ratio is at 3.5 times as compared with 0.95 in 2011. This indicates the ability of the company to repay has increased. On the other side the company’s current ratio came from 0.77:1 in 2011 to 0.74:1 in 2012. This shows that it was in a position to pay debts comfortably in 2011 while it struggles in 2012 which is not a comfortable place for any company in theworld. Liquidity ratio of a company shows its ability to pay short term debts. Stonegate company had a ratio of 0.69: 1 in 2011 and 0.62: 1 in 2012 showing the ability to repay short term debts reduced in 2012. Stock turnover is the amount of times that stock is sold over a given period of time. The company had a stock turnover of 9 times in 2011 as compared to 6 times in 2012. This indicates that the stock is sold at a fast pace in 2012 as compared to 2011. Debtor collection period is the period in which the business receives money sold on credit. Many businesses sell on credit to increase their sales. In 2011, Stonegate company had a debtor collection period of 43 as compared to 25 in 2012. This shows that the company would be able to get money sold on credit more often in 2012 which leads to development. Credit payment period on the other side represents the number of days a company takes to repay a credit transaction. The shorter the period the busy the business, hence faster development since this indicates faster inflow of cash. In 2011 it was 24 days compared to 12 in 2012. In 2012 therefore, Stonegate company had the power to repay back its debts within half the time spent in the previous year. This indicates growth in financial aspects of the company. The number of days a company takes to realize cash from its inventory is operating ratio. The company has an operating ratio of 28 days in 2011 and 19 days in 2012. The company enjoys fast money in the latter year,which in turn leads to faster development as compared to 2011. Stonegate company compares with other companies in the market and competes effectively. In the year 2011, Net Profit before interest and tax on sales is 0.64% compared to 12.3% in 2012. The company records growth in the latter year as compared to other companies. Labor cost of sales in 2011 is at 26.5% as compared to 28% in the year 2012. In comparison to other companies, the company is paying more of its money in wages and salaries in 2011 than in 2012. This poses dangers in any company. Overhead costs of sales refer to other costs other than labor. These costs may include rent and insurance. In relation to other companies, the company had a figure of 8.2% and 6.7% in 2012 indicating a reduction in the rate of overhead cost. Reduction in overhead costs which may be escapable, benefits the company as it is an additional expense on the side of the company’s budget (Tracy, 2013, 237) . The company’s current ratio in 2011 is at 0.77 and 0.74 in 2012 compared to other companies. This shows lack of strength to pay its debts faster as the years progress. On the side of acid test, the company had a ratio of 0.69: 1 in 2011 and 0.62:1 in 2012. It shows that the company could not comfortably depend on its current asset to pay its current debts in the year 2012 as compared with 2011 in relation to other countries. It therefore shows that the company depends on its own inventory in paying these debts. Stonegate company recorded a favorable rate of stock turnover as compared between the two years 2011 with 9 times and 2012 with 6 times. This shows effective competition with other companies in the market. The company may be lagging behind other companies due to the use of some strategies it takes in its dairy production. The company records tremendous improvement in the financial sector as witnessed by the large amount of profits and sales in 2012 compared to 2011. This shows improvement in the management part of the company which brings aboutbetter methods of production. This is what in return brings the positive change experienced in the company. According to Davenport (2013, p. 27), IT IS due to data-keeping in the company that parties may be able to know where the company is going astray and where they are right. This also helps in decision making . Although the company seems to be walking in the right direction, the business still lags behind other companies in the market due to its strategies. Some of these strategies include gearing. For instance Stonegate company depended much on the lenders as opposed to the shareholders in 2012 as compared to the year 2012. Lenders require a large amount of interests on loans given to the companies and may even ask for repayment within a short period of time (Moles et al, 2011, p. 642). Interests associated with these loans reduces the profit margin as evidenced in the Stonegate company. Other competing companies used the money from the shareholders as this would be somehow permanent as compared to money from the lenders. In this regard, the rate of gearing went up from 47.9 in 2011 to 159 in 2012. This is one of the areas where the company is lagging behind its peers and care must be taken to avoid collapse of the company in the future. The company’s current ratio went down and it could not be able to repay short-term debts as it used to do in the previous year. Decrease in the current ratio of a company may be brought about by such factors as an increase in the amount borrowed reducing the company’s current assets due to repayment of the debts (Kaya Banerjee, 2014, p. 25). Although this money leads to increase in the level of profits, the company should avoid it. Net profit margin, which increases due to this approach helps in the payment of the debt, though it does not fit the amount borrowed. Another rich area that the company is lagging behind is in the payment of wages and salaries. The amount used in 2012 was far much more than the amount spent in the year 2011. This is even after keeping all the other factors constant. Stonegate company’s acid tests proved that it could not depend on its current assets to pay its current liabilities. The company could therefore depend on its inventory to pay these debts.Being unable to pay short term debts by the company is a concern that needs to be addressed in order to prevent collapse of the company.On the other side, the company enjoys improvement in the rate of stock turnover indicating that the products are moving at a higher speed in 2012 compared to 2011. The overhead costs also go down,adding up to the profit margin of the company. Care must be taken to avoid doing away with an overhead cost that is vital to the business for example insurance. This is because overheads costs are an important part in the running of businesses. Stonegate company has adopted strategies that make it compete favorably with other competitors. This has enabled it to remain relevant in the market. It has offered services to all round customers with the number of joints that supply drinks and food. To have powers in the market, the company joined hands with the Town and pub company to form a large company and the largest private company that is in the pub business. It also acquired more than 330 pubs from M and B which gave the company powers to enter the market in full force leading to almost forming a monopoly. In return, Stonegate company has continued to record high amount of profit associated with an increase in the amount of total sales. Due to this factor, it has recorded tremendous development and growth of the structures and the number of workers. An increase in the amount of profits as time goes may be attributed to the increase in the amount of sales sold (Kumar, 2008, p. 62 ). As compared with other companies in both 2011 and 2012, the company records an increase in the amount of profit and sales. This has given the company more resources to deal with the operations of its duties that lead to efficiency and growth. This accounts for the increase in the number of employees’ salaries who increases in number due to increase in the operation of the company. This has in return increased net profit margin of the company showing the positive trend the company is heading to. Rate of stock turnover also reduces in the years under scrutiny. This has led to faster movement in and out of inventory which results in higher returns indicated in the working ratios of the company. The ratio between the shareholders and the lenders also increases during the latter year. This indicates that the company has resulted in the use of the lender’s money as opposed to shareholders’. This in return has made Stonegate company unable to pay short term debts using its current assets since most of its money is borrowed money. This is a major concern for the company to consider and correct. Relying on lenders money may seem risky in the event that they give out money with a lot of requirements that leaves the company in a servant position. The loans also attractthe interest that is additional cost which adds to the expenses of the company in return reducing the profit. Using money from the shareholders who are somehow long time as compared to loans is more easier and efficient. They ask for interests after an agreed period of time without their investment value as opposed to lenders who asks for both (Jiang et al 2010, p. 3602). Stonegate’s debt collection period has reduced in the years in discussion. This indicates good mechanisms and strategies in debt collection and incredit selling. This has enabled the company to reduce its credit repayment period. Managing these important trading strategies by the company has led to growth and improved operations a great achievement in the side of the company and its associates. An area of concern is the ratio of wages and total sales that increased in the year 2012 as compared to 2011. This increase in the ratio indicates that the company would be using more money to pay labor in the latter year as compared to the total output in the same year. This is a point of consideration that Stonebic company should take into account and make the necessary improvements.Stonegate company,continues to report increased revenues as in 2003 it stood at  £470.3m (Wingett Williams, 2014, p. 168). Conclusion             The Stonegate pub company is a competitive company in the market that offers drinks to its esteemed customers. The company keeps records of its finances an indication of a company that follows the set regulations for success in business. The company continues to grow in the amount of sales and profits attributed by the reduction in the rate of stock turnover, debt recollection period and debt repayment period. The company also uses a lot of funds from lenders, which increases its operating capital which in return results in the growth of its structures. The company through its many joints holds all kinds of customers in its different joints as involvement in fresh foods gives it additional customers who do not drink. References Baker, H. K., Powell, G. E. (2005). Understanding Financial Management A Practical Guide. Oxford, Blackwell Pub. Davenport, T. H., Kim, J. (2013). Keeping Up With The Quants: Your Guide To Understanding And Using Analytics Firms, Journal Of Accounting, Business Management, 21, 2, Pp. 23-35 Jiang, W, Li, K, Shao, P 2010, When Shareholders Are Creditors: Effects Of The Simultaneous Holding Of Equity And Debt By Non-Commercial Banking Institutions, Review Of Financial Studies, 23, 10, Pp. 3595-3637 Kaya, H, Banerjee, G 2014, The Impact Of Monetary Policy And Firm Characteristics On Firms Short-Term Assets, Liabilities, Term Structure Of Debt And Liquidity Ratios: Evidence From U.S. Industrial Kumar, V. (2008). Managing Customers For Profit: Strategies To Increase Profits And Build Loyalty. Upper Saddle River, N.J., Wharton School Pub. Moles, P., Parrino, R., Kidwell, D. S. (2011).Corporate Finance. Chichester, Wiley. Tracy, J. A. (2013). Accounting Workbook For Dummies.Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley Sons. Wingett, M, Williams, R. 2014, Stonegate performance in line with peers, Publicans Morning Advertiser. Business Source Complete168, p. 15 Source document

The Schlieffen Plan Essay -- World War II WWII WW2 Nazi Germany

The Schlieffen Plan was devised by Count Alfred von Schlieffen, the Chief of the General Staff in the German army in 1905. There were a number of different aspects to the Schlieffen Plan, and all were aimed at defeating France as quickly as possible, preferably in under 6 weeks. The Germans believed this was possible because they had defeated France in Alsace and Lorraine in the 1871. The main aim of the Schlieffen Plan was to knock out and capture France and then attack Russia in order to avoid fighting a war on two fronts at the same time. †¨The second aspect to the Schlieffen Plan was to invade neutral Belgium as a means to get to France, because the German-Franco border was heavily fortified and would mean almost certain defeat for Germany. Even though the Germans knew about the Treaty of London signed between Britain and Belgium in 1839, Kaiser Wilhelm II did not believe that Britain would come to Belgium’s aid over â€Å"a scrappy bit of paper†. †¨ The third aspect to the Plan was to use the 1st to 4th armies to go through Belgium and Holland to outflank the French and attack them from behind at Lorraine where the German 5th to 8th armies were holding, attack from the French forces and even give them a little ground to allow the Germans to get behind the French. In the process the Germans would be able to take Paris, the capital as they moved south to join the 5th to 8th armies in Lorraine. The whole of the Schlieffen Plan depended on adhering to a strict timetable, which in theory was a good idea on behalf of the German staff, but in reality it did not take into consideration factors such as soldiers fatigue in marching long distances and unexpected resistance by the British Expeditionary Force at the and the Belgia... ...e Germans arrived in France, the French were ready waiting to repel them. In conclusion, the main aim of the Schlieffen Plan was for Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts at the same time. The Plan failed for a number of reasons, but the most important was the unexpected resistance put up by the brave Belgians at Mons and the support given by the BEF at the Battle of the Marne. This meant that von Moltke had to divert his armies from encircling Paris, dig trenches to protect his soldiers from the bombardment form the new artillery, and thereby negate the crux of the Schlieffen Plan, which had depended on speed, knocking out and capturing Paris in six weeks. The Germans found themselves stuck in France while the Russians had mobilized: The Germans then had to fight a war on two fronts - the very situation which the Schlieffen Plan had been devised to avoid. The Schlieffen Plan Essay -- World War II WWII WW2 Nazi Germany The Schlieffen Plan was devised by Count Alfred von Schlieffen, the Chief of the General Staff in the German army in 1905. There were a number of different aspects to the Schlieffen Plan, and all were aimed at defeating France as quickly as possible, preferably in under 6 weeks. The Germans believed this was possible because they had defeated France in Alsace and Lorraine in the 1871. The main aim of the Schlieffen Plan was to knock out and capture France and then attack Russia in order to avoid fighting a war on two fronts at the same time. †¨The second aspect to the Schlieffen Plan was to invade neutral Belgium as a means to get to France, because the German-Franco border was heavily fortified and would mean almost certain defeat for Germany. Even though the Germans knew about the Treaty of London signed between Britain and Belgium in 1839, Kaiser Wilhelm II did not believe that Britain would come to Belgium’s aid over â€Å"a scrappy bit of paper†. †¨ The third aspect to the Plan was to use the 1st to 4th armies to go through Belgium and Holland to outflank the French and attack them from behind at Lorraine where the German 5th to 8th armies were holding, attack from the French forces and even give them a little ground to allow the Germans to get behind the French. In the process the Germans would be able to take Paris, the capital as they moved south to join the 5th to 8th armies in Lorraine. The whole of the Schlieffen Plan depended on adhering to a strict timetable, which in theory was a good idea on behalf of the German staff, but in reality it did not take into consideration factors such as soldiers fatigue in marching long distances and unexpected resistance by the British Expeditionary Force at the and the Belgia... ...e Germans arrived in France, the French were ready waiting to repel them. In conclusion, the main aim of the Schlieffen Plan was for Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts at the same time. The Plan failed for a number of reasons, but the most important was the unexpected resistance put up by the brave Belgians at Mons and the support given by the BEF at the Battle of the Marne. This meant that von Moltke had to divert his armies from encircling Paris, dig trenches to protect his soldiers from the bombardment form the new artillery, and thereby negate the crux of the Schlieffen Plan, which had depended on speed, knocking out and capturing Paris in six weeks. The Germans found themselves stuck in France while the Russians had mobilized: The Germans then had to fight a war on two fronts - the very situation which the Schlieffen Plan had been devised to avoid.

Costs of residential photovoltaic solar electricity Essay

Abstract Now a day’s electricity is more important concern. We use a lot of home appliances which is operated by electricity but electricity we use; it is costly and not available every where. As we know sun is the source of energy, the energy which provided by the sun, less in cost, mostly available every where in abundance.  Ã‚   Where electricity is not available in that case electricity generation by using solar energy can solve our problem but the main problem is that before apply such a technique, we familiar with installation cost, its limitation, uses etc. In this paper I want to focus our attention Costs of residential photovoltaic solar electricity with battery storage and its installation. Costs of residential photovoltaic solar electricity with battery storage   Sun is the most imp energy source of energy. Energy which is finding from sun is almost free of cost, pollution free and most abundant in nature. The generation of electricity from solar energy is one of the best uses of unconventional energy resources. We can generate electricity from solar energy by two ways one by used to photovoltaic technologies other by used to solar thermal technologies. Photovoltaic cell is the most important means for electricity generation; we use photovoltaic generated power because it is very reliable, low operating and construction cost and pollution free, so its use increases day by day. There are around thirties different devices used now a days. We store this electrical energy in the battery bank. There are around 400,000-800,000 photovoltaic systems operating worldwide its typical size varies from 50 watt to 1 kilowatt (kW) for stand-alone systems with battery storage and small water pumping systems; its cost varies according to use of photovoltaic panel, the average cost of approximately US$4 per watt. Its approx cost for 5000/kw photovoltaic module is $2600 and for photovoltaic system approx 7000/kw is $4700.to accurate measurement of the cost it is necessary we compare it from other energy resources with all aspects. We use photovoltaic module less than 10kw and it is increases according to use. In the beginning the installation cost is much but if we compare it from other resources it is cheaper to use as in the village where no electricity or it may have, the photovoltaic technology provide direct electricity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So the electricity generation by photovoltaic solar panel is cheaper than other electricity generation if we compare it for all aspects.   References:   Gupta, D., Mishra, V. (2005) Energy Ecology, Environment and Society. India.    Joshi, J.C., (2007-08) Research and Development. India. Hurricane, G., (2007-08) PV- An edge over other energy forms, article on PV.

Farewell Speech Essay

â€Å" Every new beginning comes from some other beginnings end. † – Seneca. Middle school ended and now High school has begun. We all go into high school not knowing what to expect. Like if you’ll have the same classes as your best friend, if you’ll have nice teachers, or if you’ll get dumped in a trash can on â€Å"Freshman Friday. † The toughest thing is not knowing which of your friends for middle school will be at your school and which ones won’t be, if your best friend is going to a different school then you. But it’s O. K. high school is a new beginning we get to reconnect with old friends from elementary school and see our friends from last year to. As time goes by and with each of our classes you build new friendships that strengthen as the year goes on. The more you get involved in school the more you get to become friends with more people. I did Cheerleading for school this year and I have no regrets, I made so many new friends because of it they’re like my sisters now. I was also a wrestling manager and that was great I can’t wait to do it again next year, I didn’t only become close with the other managers I also became close with the wrestlers, they’re like brothers now. But no matter how many friends you made in high school you never lose touch with the ones you had in middle school. Every Freshman had those â€Å"Freshman Fears. † Some not as bad others, but everyone has them. Like the fear of â€Å"Freshman Friday† it’s funny because we never actually had that. It’s something they say to scare us†¦. And it works every time. We worry about if we have good teachers or not. Most of them are, but that’s your own opinion. Will we have a lot of our friends in our class? Are they going to have the same lunch as us? We get scared that we’ll get lost in the hall ways, or seniors will run us over. We have so many worries because of what we hear about high school, and that sense we’re the youngest in the school we have the worst teachers. It’s not like that at all in fact this year of high school was great, I wouldn’t change it at all. Yeah, this year wasn’t perfect, there was still drama and fights, but once everyone got past all that this year was really fun. Football games were always fun, everyone went to them and had a great time. Pep rallies are interesting, especially when the seniors and juniors try to win the spirit stick. A lot of people try to make high school sound scary and horrible, but it hasn’t been bad at all. I’ve had a great year and can’t wait to see how the rest of high school will be.